Identifying and Ranking the Factors Influencing the Determination of the “Delivery Point” in International Natural Gas Sales Contracts (Case Study: Natural Gas Sales Contracts in LNG state)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Mohammad Reza Alimardan 1
Abbas Kazemi Najafabadi 2
Mohammad Reza Seyed Hashemi Toloun 3
seyed Asghar Hendi 4
Mohamad Mehdi Hajian 5
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Law and Political Science, Faculty of Law, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Law and Political Science, Faculty of Law, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Sohrevardi Institute of Higher Education, Qazvin, Iran
4 Faculty Member, Research institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran
5 Assistant professor, Department of Law and Political Science, Faculty of Law, Allameh Tabataba'i University , Tehran, Iran
20.1001.1/jgt.2025.2030090.1038
Abstract
The analysis of the global environment of the energy industry and its developments shows that natural gas is the shaper of the world's energy future. The future of Iran, as the owner of the world's first gas resources, is undeniably tied to a category called "Natural gas". New developments, such as the environmental conditions of the world, the consequences of the war between Russia and Ukraine, the tensions in the Middle East region, and the prediction of a rise in the global price of crude oil in the near future have also increased the role and importance of natural gas. According to the analysis of British Petroleum (BP) and the International Energy Agency (IEA), the trend of natural gas consumption will continue at a faster pace until 2030. Therefore, in order to maintain Iran's superior position in the world markets and to timely use the advantage of the country's gas reserves so as to turn these reserves into more value-added capital, we need to further develop country’s technical, political, marketing, legal, infrastructures etc. One of the main components of the legal infrastructure to create and develop market share in the global natural gas markets is to pay attention to the issue of how to design and regulate international natural gas sales contracts in accordance with the transfer method and the basic bottlenecks in it. One of the most important bottlenecks in international contracts for the sale of natural gas is the design and determination of the “Delivery Point”, which can be different in different contracts, according to the method of transfer and the contingent factors of each contract. In this research, in order to identify the factors influencing the determination of the “Delivery Point” in the international contracts for the sale of natural gas in LNG form, the research literature was reviewed and interviews were conducted with experts, and the conceptual model of the research and their measurement indicators were designed. The collected indicators were distributed among the members of the statistical community in the form of a researcher-made questionnaire and their opinions were collected. According to the findings of this research, the results of the T-test indicated that the five main factors defined for this research are effective, according to the members of the study's statistical population, in determining the delivery point in international natural gas sales contracts with an emphasis on the LNG method. On the other hand, the Friedman ranking test was used to rank these factors in terms of their level of importance. Based on the test results, the contractual factor had the highest mean rank and, consequently, the greatest importance. The political, geographical, technical, and economic factors followed in terms of importance, respectively.

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Article Title Persian

شناسایی و رتبه‌بندی عوامل مؤثر بر تعیین نقطه تحویل در قراردادهای بین‌المللی فروش گاز طبیعی (مورد مطالعه: قراردادهای فروش گاز طبیعی با روش ال ان جی)

Authors Persian

محمدرضا علیمردان 1
عباس کاظمی نجف آبادی 2
مخمدرضا سیدهاشمی تولون 3
سید اصغر هندی 4
محمد مهدی حاجیان 5
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار، گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
3 استادیار، گروه مدیریت، موسسه آموزش عالی سهروردی، قزوین، ایران
4 عضو هیئت علمی، پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت، تهران، ایران
5 استادیار، گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
Abstract Persian

تحلیل محیط جهانی صنعت انرژی و تحولات آن نشان می‌دهد که گاز طبیعی شکل دهنده آینده انرژی جهان است. آینده ایران به‌عنوان صاحب اولین منابع گازی جهان، انکارناپذیر با مقوله‌ای به نام «گاز طبیعی» گره‌خورده است. تحولات جدید از جمله شرایط محیطی جهان، پیامدهای جنگ روسیه و اوکراین، تنش‌های منطقه خاورمیانه و پیش‌بینی افزایش قیمت جهانی نفت خام در آینده نزدیک نیز بر نقش و اهمیت گاز طبیعی افزوده است. بر اساس تحلیل بریتیش پترولیوم (BP) و آژانس بین‌المللی انرژی (IEA)، روند مصرف گاز طبیعی تا سال ۲۰۳۰ با سرعت بیشتری ادامه خواهد داشت؛ بنابراین برای حفظ موقعیت برتر ایران در بازارهای جهانی و استفاده به‌موقع از مزیت ذخایر گاز کشور به‌منظور تبدیل این ذخایر به سرمایه با ارزش‌افزوده بیشتر، نیازمند توسعه بیشتر زیرساخت‌های فنی، سیاسی، بازاریابی، حقوقی، زیرساختی و غیره کشور هستیم. روش و تنگناهای اساسی در آن. یکی از مهم‌ترین گلوگاه‌های قراردادهای بین‌المللی فروش گاز طبیعی، طراحی و تعیین «نقطه تحویل» است که با توجه به نحوه واگذاری و عوامل احتمالی هر قرارداد، می‌تواند در قراردادهای مختلف متفاوت باشد. در این تحقیق به‌منظور شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر تعیین «نقطه تحویل» در قراردادهای بین‌المللی فروش گاز طبیعی به‌صورت LNG، ادبیات تحقیق بررسی و با کارشناسان مصاحبه صورت گرفت و مدل مفهومی تحقیق و شاخص‌های اندازه‌گیری آن‌ها طراحی شد. شاخص‌های جمع آوری شده در قالب پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بین اعضای جامعه آماری توزیع و نظرات آن‌ها جمع‌آوری شد. با توجه به یافته‌های این تحقیق، نتایج آزمون T حاکی از آن است که پنج عامل اصلی تعریف شده برای این تحقیق، به گفته اعضای جامعه آماری پژوهش، در تعیین نقطه تحویل در قراردادهای بین‌المللی فروش گاز طبیعی با تأکید بر روش LNG مؤثر است. از طرفی برای رتبه‌بندی این عوامل از نظر میزان اهمیت از آزمون رتبه‌بندی فریدمن استفاده شد. بر اساس نتایج آزمون، عامل قراردادی بالاترین میانگین رتبه و در نتیجه بیشترین اهمیت را داشت. عوامل سیاسی، جغرافیایی، فنی و اقتصادی به ترتیب از نظر اهمیت دنبال شدند.

Keywords Persian

گاز طبیعی
گاز طبیعی مایع (LNG)
قرارداد فروش و انتقال گاز طبیعی
نقطه تحویل
عوامل قراردادی
عوامل اقتضایی
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